A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Abstract Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered in a growing number of models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). This study presents comprehensive survey EV their many variants. We only consider which each may visit multiple vertices be recharged during trip. The related literature can roughly divided into nine classes: Electric traveling salesman problem, green VRP, mixed location hybrid dial-a-ride two-echelon pickup delivery problem. For these classes, we focus on reviewing settings problem variants algorithms used to obtain solutions.